Muscle synergy variance explained11/8/2023 (ii) Upcoming grip and load conditions of the grasp are represented in kinematic- and muscle-synergies already during reach. PCA revealed that (i) Kinematic- and muscle-synergies can simultaneously accommodate kinematic (grip type) and kinetic task constraints (load condition). Principal component analysis (PCA, temporal or static) was performed separately for all three epochs, in the kinematic and in the EMG domain. The analysis was subdivided into three epochs: reach, grasp-and-pull, and static hold. Subjects had to either perform a precision grip or side grip and had to modify their grip force in order to displace an object against a low or high load. We used a reach-grasp-and-pull paradigm and recorded the hand kinematics as well as eight surface EMGs. (ii) If so, whether there is an interrelation between kinematic and muscle synergies. This study addresses two questions: (i) Whether kinematic and muscle synergies can simultaneously accommodate for kinematic and kinetic constraints. The occurrence of covariation in the former was termed kinematic synergies, in the latter muscle synergies. ![]() Usually, angular movements in various joints tend to be coupled, and EMG activities in different hand muscles tend to be correlated. The large number of mechanical degrees of freedom of the hand is not fully exploited during actual movements such as grasping. 5Life Sciences Department, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.4Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.3Laboratory of Biomedical Robotic and Biomicrosystem, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Roma, Italy.2Centre de Neurophysique, Physiologie et Pathologie, UMR 8119, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. ![]() 1Neuroscience Research Federation FR3636, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.Michele Tagliabue 1,2 Anna Lisa Ciancio 3 Thomas Brochier 4 Selim Eskiizmirliler 1,5 Marc A.
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